Unix Commands


Diese Liste ist weder für ein spezielles UNIX-System entworfen, noch ist sie vollständig oder geordnet. Sie dient lediglich dazu, schon einmal benutzte Befehle wieder in Erinnerung zu rufen.

~

your home directory

/

root dir

..

parent dir

.

current working dir

&

put job in background

!c

repeat previous command beginning with c

;

several commands on one line

*

wild card

>

write output to

<

get input from

|

send output from first command to input of second command

   

finger @host.domain

look up user at site

users

list of login names of users on system

who

list of users and connection

which

indicates which dir a program sits in

whoami

your logon ID

hostname

name of host currently logged in

passwd

change your network password

   

du

display disk usage

df

free blocks on disk

ps -a -u -l -w

list processes

jobs

list jobs by job number

ps -ef | grep user

list/show jobs/processes from user

kill 8798

kill job number 8798

fg

bring most recent job in foreground

bg

put job into background

   

alias

specify your own command

history

previous commands

   

set

set a shell variable

setenv

set environment variable

   

stty -echo

turn off echoing

echo parameter

display parameter content

   

ls -1 -a -d -t

list long all

ils

interactive list

utree

interactive dir&file man

pwd

print working directory

mkdir

make directory

rmdir

remove directory

cp

copy

mv

move and/or rename file

rm

remove file

chmod o+wrx filename

change permissions (o)wner(g)roup(u)ser

lu -s

create symbolic link to a file or directory

   

lpr -printer, lp

print on printer

prf

useful for printing

lpq

contents of printer queue

lp stat

printer status

ls -a |lp

print dir listing

lprm

remove all your jobs from printer

   

more, less

display file to screen

cat

contents of a file

head

display first lines of file

tail

display last lines of file

   

man

online manual, help

apropos

search for command in online lib

grep, egrep, fgrep

search for string in files

insight

online help on SGI

learn

online tutorial on IBM

whatis command

explain command

whereis

locate program, file etc

   

ed

line editor

ex

line editor (more friendly)

vi, emacs, jot(SGI), ez, pico, joe, xedit, jove

screen editors

troff, tex

text formatting

   

mail joan, mail, mail -f mbox

mail

elm, pine

mail systems

talk

two-way conversation

write

write message to other user screen

irc

internet relay chat

ytalk

many people talk

rn

Usenet reader

nn, tin

news reader

   

kermit

kermit server file transfer

ftp

file transfer

ncftp

easier ftp

rlogin

remotely login

telnet

 

archie

look for files on public ftp server

hytelnet

connection to lib and info systems

lynx

connect to www

wais

wide area info server

dos2unix

 

unix2dos

 
   

compress

.Z format

uncompress

 

zip

zip compression

unzip

 

gzip

GNU zip

gunzip

 
   

spell

spelling checker

ispell

check file for spelling errors

sort

sort lines in files

   

csh

C shell

sh

Bourne shell

tcsh

ext C shell

ksh

Korn shell

sh5

Sys 5 shell

bash

Born again shell

   

cc

standard C compiler

gcc

GNU project C compiler

g++

GNU project C++ compiler

ratfor

rational Fortran dialect

f77

Fortran 77 compiler

pc

standard Pascal compiler

perl

practical extraction and report language

prolog

C-prolog

kcl

Kyoto common lisp

   

GNU plot

interactive graphics

S

statistics

Maple

symbolic mathematics

Ingres

relational database

   

join

relational join operation on files

lex

lexical analyzer generator

make

maintains a system of programs

screen

multiple terminal sessions

   

clear

clears the screen